“比较对比法”是一种相对难以上手的方法，然而，当同学们对词汇和句式替换技巧有一定掌握时，这种方法的优点就会逐一体现——文章统一性和语言多样性。环球教育小编和大家分享托福独立写作段落拓展的对比法。

　　1、学好比较对比，要先掌握因果推理

　　之前提到过，“比较对比法”能体现文章的统一性。Why?因为“比较对比法”通常只是将前半段的“因果推理法”反过来再说一遍。我们以下题为例：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the afollowing statement? People who leave their native villages or towns tend to be happier and more successful than those who stay. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　通过头脑风暴中的万能理由法，同学们不难想到乡村小镇比起大城市的优点，如：风景美、污染少、压力轻和关系好等。

　　我们以风景美为例展开本段的“因果推理”。此时，同学们不难想到乡村小镇的风景优美无非在于更多的自然风光(natural landscape)、山水美景(mountains and waters)和没有钢筋丛林的束缚(a forest that requires no concrete)等。同时，也有同学从城市人眼中的事物出发，提出乡村没有拥挤的交通(freedom from traffic congestion)或者遮挡天空的高楼(the view-blocking skyscrapers)。这样，我们就能用简单的三到四句话将前半段的“因果推理”进行串联。

　　First and foremost, we are all aware that people who stay in their hometown could enjoy a better natural landscape than those who move out. (主题句)The reason seems to be obvious： Local people could get a closer look on mountains and waters, and sometimes a forest that is not piled up with concrete or cement. At the same time, the freedom from a heavy traffic and the absence of view-blocking skyscrapers help people get away from the mental burdens bothering many of the city residents.

　　2、不变的逻辑，多变的语言

　　是时候把“因果推理”反过来说了，也就是城市人面对的糟糕风景和因此带来巨大压力。感受一下：“乡村风景beautiful，城市风景terrible.”是不是逻辑很统一(谈论的都是同一个话题的同一个角度)?这样就避免了同学们想到什么写什么而造成的“东一句西一句”的逻辑混乱。

　　But(总要有个但是)，这样写是不是很重复、很啰嗦?确实，越是无懈可击的逻辑越是听起来像是废话：“明天可能会下雨，也可能不会!”“我猜这孩子不是男孩儿，就是女孩儿!”“乡村的风景超好的，城市的风景超烂的!”

　　那么，我们如何在说废话的同时又让考官不心生厌烦呢?答案就是：同(反)义词替换和句式替换。

　　local people替换成city residents, urban dwellers, citizens...; natural landscape替换成the panorama of a city, city sites, urban views...; mountains and waters替换成domestic garbage and industrial wastes...

　　于是，我们的后半段“比较对比法”就变成了重要的事情说两遍的花样啰嗦大法!

　　Unlikely, urban dwellers are bound to suffer from a comparatively poorer view of cities, in which natural sites are turned into domestic garbage and industrial wastes. Still, adding to the already fidgeting mental state is the ever-intensifying pain of traffic congestion, which makes the lives of city residents more unbearable. So, it does make sense to argue that ...(重申文章主题句)

　　我们将这样的两个半段连续起来读一遍，你会发现我们始终没有偏离主题(前后说的意思完全一样)，但是语言的丰富变化又让人读起来不觉枯燥冗余。这样，统一性和多样性就同时做到了!

　　比较对比法”最大的困难就在于此，学生很难保证在考场上临场发挥出多样又正确的语言表达。但是“因果推理”加“比较对比”的段落组合是如此的完整和漂亮，以致它值得我们付出相应的努力去学会它。