很多考生会抱怨托福阅读时间不够，还没完全理解文章就做题，正确率不高。其实这是我们对托福阅读素材不熟悉造成的，下面小编整理了一下托福阅读考试最新的素材，希望能帮助大家更加快速高效的备考托福。

　　托福阅读素材：大气与海洋

　　内容回忆：

　　早期地球的大气的形成还有海洋的形成是 hotly debated，有人认为是地下的 mantle 含有大量的水，随着地质变化例如火山运动等到达了地表，冷凝形成水，而地球上 mantle 的水含量也确实多。有些人认为，可能是外太空的 comet 或者 meteorite 带来的，但是如果是这样应该有大量的外太空的元素例如 H，有一个例子证实了这个点。后期还需要好好研究。

　　参考阅读：

　　The oceans and the atmosphere are the two large reservoirs of water in the Earth's hydrologic cycle. The two systems are complexly linked to one another and are responsible for Earth's weather and climate. The oceans help to regulate temperature in the lower part of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is in large part responsible for the circulation of ocean water through waves and currents. In this section we first look at how the atmosphere controls weather and climate, and we will explore some the introductory material necessary to understand our upcoming lectures on severe weather.

　　Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. It refers to such conditions of the local atmosphere as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity (the amount of water contained in the atmosphere), precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, & hail), and wind velocity. Because the amount of heat in the atmosphere varies with location above the Earth's surface, and because differing amounts of heat in different parts of the atmosphere control atmospheric circulation, the atmosphere is in constant motion. Thus, weather is continually changing in a complex and dynamic manner.

　　Climate refers to the average weather characteristics of a given region. Climate, although it does change over longer periods of geologic time, is more stable over short periods of time like years and centuries. The fact that the Earth has undergone fluctuation between ice ages and warmer periods in the recent past (the last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago) is testament to the fact that climate throughout the world as has been changing through time.

　　The Earth's weather and climate system represent complex interactions between the oceans, the land, the sun, and the atmosphere. That these interactions are complex is evidence by the difficulty meteorologists have in predicting weather on a daily basis. Understanding climate change is even more difficult because humans have not been around long enough to record data on the long term effects of these processes. Still, we do know that the main energy source for changing weather patterns and climate is solar energy from the Sun.

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