很多考生会抱怨托福阅读时间不够，还没完全理解文章就做题，正确率不高。其实这是我们对托福阅读素材不熟悉造成的，下面小编整理了一下托福阅读考试最新的素材，希望能帮助大家更加快速高效的备考托福。

　　托福阅读素材：蝙蝠的多样性

　　内容回忆：

　　蝙蝠具有很多类别，吃的东西也不一样，有得吃昆虫，有的吃水果， blood 等等，获得的营养也不一样。水果等获得的营养少，所以蝙蝠需要多吃。研究发现，这种不同还和其他东西有关。例如能够利用 echo location 的蝙蝠可以捕捉 insects，但是不能利用这里技能的只能吃 leaves 或者 fruits。能飞的很高的蝙蝠一般去水边只是 drink 但是不能飞很高的蝙蝠可以捕捉 frogs 和 fish。还发现体型大小会影响它们的 diet，其中举了几个例子。

　　参考阅读：

　　Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera (/kaɪˈrɒptərə/; from the Ancient Greek: χείρ - cheir, "hand"[1] and Ancient Greek: πτερόν - pteron, "wing"[2])[3] whose forelimbs form webbed wings, making them the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight.[3] By contrast, other mammals said to fly, such as flying squirrels, gliding possums, and colugos, can only glide for short distances. Bats are less efficient at flying than birds, but are more manoeuvrable, using their very long spread-out digits which are covered with a thin membrane or patagium.[4]

　　Bats are the second largest order of mammals (after the rodents), representing about 20% of all classified mammal species worldwide, with about 1,240 bat species divided into two suborders: the less specialized and largely fruit-eating megabats, or flying foxes, and the highly specialized and echolocating microbats.[5] About 70% of bat species are insectivores. Most of the rest are frugivores, or fruit eaters. A few species, such as the fish-eating bat, feed from animals other than insects, with the vampire bats being hematophagous, or feeding on blood.

　　Bats are present throughout most of the world, with the exception of extremely cold regions. They perform the vital ecological roles of pollinating flowers and dispersing fruit seeds; many tropical plant species depend entirely on bats for the distribution of their seeds. Bats are economically important, as they consume insect pests, reducing the need for pesticides. The smallest bat is the Kitti's hog-nosed bat, measuring 29–34 mm (1.14–1.34 in) in length, 15 cm (5.91 in) across the wings and 2–2.6 g (0.07–0.09 oz) in mass.[6][7] It is also arguably the smallest extant species of mammal, with the Etruscan shrew being the other contender.[8] The largest species of bat are a few species of Pteropus (fruit bats or flying foxes) and the giant golden-crowned flying fox with a weight up to 1.6 kg (4 lb) and wingspan up to 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in).

　　Most microbats are nocturnal[69] and are active at twilight. A large portion of bats migrate hundreds of kilometres to winter hibernation dens,[70] while some pass into torpor in cold weather, rousing and feeding when warm weather allows for insects to be active.[71] Others retreat to caves for winter and hibernate for six months.[71] Bats rarely fly in rain, as the rain interferes with their echolocation, and they are unable to locate their food.

　　The social structure of bats varies, with some leading solitary lives and others living in caves colonized by more than a million bats.[72] The fission-fusion social structure is seen among several species of bats. The term "fusion" refers to a large numbers of bats that congregate in one roosting area, and "fission" refers to breaking up and the mixing of subgroups, with individual bats switching roosts with others and often ending up in different trees and with different roostmates.

　　Studies also show that bats make various sounds in order to communicate with one another. Scientists in the field have listened to bats and have been able to associate certain sounds with certain behaviours that bats make after the sounds are made.[72] Insectivores make up 70% of bat species and locate their prey by means of echolocation. Of the remainder, most feed on fruits.[73] Only three species sustain themselves with blood.

　　Some species even prey on vertebrates. The leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) of Central America and South America, and the two bulldog bat (Noctilionidae) species feed on fish. At least two species of bat are known to feed on other bats: the spectral bat, also known as the American false vampire bat, and the ghost bat of Australia.[73] One species, the greater noctule bat, catches and eats small birds in the air.

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