下面大家就来做几道题练习一下吧。

　　1. At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.

　　'From scratch' is closest in meaning to:

　　A. from the very beginning

　　B. in simple cultures

　　C. by copying something else

　　D. by using written information

　　2. Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner.

　　'Make-shift' is closest in meaning to:

　　A. complicated and expressive

　　B. simple and temporary

　　C. extensive and diverse

　　D. private and personal

　　3. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's language was more fluid and compact, and it utilised a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born.

　　Look at the word 'consistent'. This word could best be replaced by which of the following?

　　A. natural

　　B. predictable

　　C. imaginable

　　D. uniform

　　4. A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located inremote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.

　　The word 'remote' could be best replace by:

　　A. isolated

　　B. crowded

　　C. attractive

　　D. alone

　　5. Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure.

　　The word 'underway' is closest in meaning to:

　　A permanent

　　B complete

　　C beneficial

　　D in progress

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