很多考生会抱怨托福阅读时间不够，还没完全理解文章就做题，正确率不高。其实这是我们对托福阅读素材不熟悉造成的，下面小编整理了一下托福阅读考试最新的素材，希望能帮助大家更加快速高效的备考托福。

　　托福阅读素材：概念模型

　　内容回忆：

　　本篇文章一共 6 段落。首段说了 Concept 的由来及作用。第二段举了一个 Bachelor 的例子说明：要对一个东西下定义是非常困难的。第三段提到 Concept 一般都是由某一个东西提炼出来，而不是自身就带有许多的自然特性。第四段提到了 Concept 中，Prototype 和 featured-based example 之间的区别。并给出了让两者调和的一个方法——把 features 当成个别的特点而不是普遍的特性。第五段给出了第二种方法——罗列出两者尽可能多的区别。最后一段则给出了最后一个方法——尽可能给出多的例子来让两者进行调和。

　　参考阅读：

　　People receive information, process this information, and respond accordingly many times each day.This sort of processing of information is essentially a conceptual model (or mental model) of how things in our surrounding environment work.

　　Red sun-sets and blue skies. The intensity of scattered light from the atmosphere increases with decreasing wavelength. In fact the intensity of scattered light is inversely proportional to the 4th power of wavelength. [The intensity of 450 nm blue light is more than 4 times larger than that of 650 nm red light]. The observer on the left sees a blue sky when looking up and the observer on the right sees a reddish sun. More detail can be given and this can be extended into a mathematical model. However for many introductory atmospheric science classes this is a good starting point. More information on sky color (more info) .

　　This argument in favor of a significant carbon tax is another example of a mental model. At present the cost of fossil fuel combustion does not include the direct health costs associated with respiratory ailments linked to photochemical smog in urban areas or the costs associated with other environmental problems such as acid rain or possible long-term climate changes. A significant carbon tax will better reflect the true cost of fossil fuels to the citizens; pay at the pump now or pay taxes later to support increased demands on the health care system. Such a carbon tax will increase the cost of fossil fuel energy sources making alternative energy sources like solar, wind, hydrogen fuel cells, and tidal more economically competitive. This will help shift our economy from its near exclusive use of fossil fuels towards cleaner more efficient fuels, which will ultimate cut global carbon emissions. The reduced carbon emissions will help curtail the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In addition, other harmful byproducts of fossil fuel combustion, particularly in urban areas, will be reduced.

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