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　　托福阅读修辞目的题例题

　　例题12:

　　Paragraph 1—2：Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

　　Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.

　　In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to

　　Describe how petroleum is formed

　　Explain why petroleum formation is a slow process

　　Provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation

　　Show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas

　　托福阅读修辞目的题练习题答案：1

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