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　　托福阅读素材：工业革命的起源

　　内容回忆：

　　本文一共 5 段。第一段介绍了工业革命的来源。第二段说介绍了工业革命最早起源于英国的纺织业。第三段介绍了工业革命对炼金业的影响。第四段则说工业革命除了对以上两个又影响外，对其他行业的影响。最后一段说了工业革命对服务业的影响。

　　参考阅读：

　　The Industrial Revolution first started in England from where it rapidly spread to the U.S.A. and later to Europe. Several factors were responsible for the advent of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.

　　England had sufficient money to finance new industries. Overseas trade, commerce and industry were encouraged by England's naval supremacy.

　　There was political and social stability in England, so people could invest their savings in new enterprises.

　　England began to manufacture practical and inexpensive articles, which could be exported if they were produced on a large scale. Hence England invented new techniques and machines to produce such articles.

　　Many agriculturists who became unemployed owing to the Agriculture Revolution, were available as laborers in mills, factories and workshops. These laborers were able to move freely from place to place for jobs in factories. Coal, a cheap fuel, was available in large quantities for running factories, mills and workshops.

　　Napoleon's Continental System of preventing the import of English goods into Europe enabled England to blockade the continental ports. Thus England bought raw materials at low rates and supplied finished products at high prices to her colonies.

　　Many Spanish and French artisans who were persecuted owing to their religion, went and settled down in England, thus giving an impetus to English industries.

　　The English colonies were ruthlessly exploited for raw materials and as markets for finished products.