在托福作文中，巧用、活用十个“小词”常常会收到意想不到的效果，它们会使文章显得地道，有水平。我们之所以称它们为“小词”，是因为这些词常常是我们所“熟视无睹”的小玩意。用好了十个小词的效果绝对要比用十个大词、难好得多。现在，品一下这十个词：Challenge，Share，Instead，Manage，Afford，Rather，Ever，Available，Else，Involve.

　　这十个词不仅词意丰富，而且用法多样，下面为您详细地介绍一下它们的常句式，并配有一些例句。

　　1.Challenge

　　(1)Challenge sb to do sth 。向…挑战，邀请…比赛

　　They challenge us to a swimming contest.

　　(2)to give (accept) a challenge ( 接受 ) 挑战

　　2.Share

　　(1)Share 部分，分

　　Everybody ought to have his proper share.

　　(2)Share 参与、贡献

　　I had no share in the mater.

　　(3)Share (with，between) 分配，共有

　　They shared the profits between them.

　　I will share with you in the undertaking.

　　3.Instead

　　(1)instead 代替

　　If you cannot go，let him go instead.

　　(2)instead of 代替

　　I will go instead of you.

　　4.Manage

　　(1)manage to do 完成，达成

　　We finally managed to get there in time.

　　(2)manage with 办事，处现事务

　　We can‘t manage with these poor tools.

　　(3)manage on 生活，过活

　　How will she manage with her husband gone.

　　5.Afford

　　(1)afford to do 足以承担

　　I cannot afford to pay such a high price.

　　(2)afford 产生

　　Reading affords pleasure.

　　6.Rather

　　(1)would rather do 宁愿

　　He said he would rather stay at home.

　　(2)rather than 宁愿

　　I had rather dance than eat.

　　7.Ever

　　(1)ever 曾经

　　Have you ever been there?

　　(2)ever 究竟

　　Why ever didn’t you go.

　　(3)ever 如果

　　If the band(乐队)ever plays again，we will dance.

　　(4)ever so=very

　　Thank you ever so much.

　　8.Available

　　(1) available 通用的，有效的

　　The season ticket is available for three months.

　　(2)available 可用的，可达到的

　　9.Else

　　(1)else 此外，别的

　　Where else did you go?

　　(2)else 否则，不然

　　Hurry，else you‘ll be late.

　　10.Involve

　　(1)involve 包括

　　Housekeeping involves cooking， washing dishes， sweeping and cleaning.

　　(2)involve 使陷于

　　One foolish mistake can involve you in a good deal of trouble.

　　(3)involve 使纠缠，使难得

　　A sentence that is involved is hard to understand.

　　(4)involve 包围

　　Clouds involved the hilltop.

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