The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40,48)

　　bask /bɑːsk/ v. 坐着或躺着取暖

　　substrate /'sʌbstreɪt/ n. 底物，基片，基质;被(酶)作用物

　　diurnal /daɪ'ɜːn(ə)l/ adj. 白天的，白昼的;每日的

　　hibernate /'haɪbəneɪt/ v. 冬眠

　　estivate /'iːstɪveɪt/ v. (动物)夏眠

　　respectively adv. 各自地

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).( TPO40, 48)

　　托福阅读长难句100句分析：

　　修饰一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介词短语

　　中文：行为温度调节

　　修饰二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介词短语

　　中文：与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)

　　修饰三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，从句

　　中文：这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠

　　修饰四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非谓语动词

　　中文：分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动

　　托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：

　　行为温度调节主要的要素有：晒太阳(日光浴)，与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行为，这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语以及非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

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