那么答案为 A—— “反驳十八世 纪的英国正在经历能源危机这一观点”。

　　同学们，我们来一起分析一下上面这个思路的漏洞出现在哪里?

　　出现在第一步和第二步之间。 “Great Britain had large amounts of coal” 和 “Wood， …, was diminishing in supply.” 两句真的是并列句吗?

　　所谓的并列句，应该是从结构和内容上来说，基本上可以做到对应的两个句子。而 “coal”所在的句子，是由“however”连接的两个转折关系的句子组成。所以，两句并没有构成并列关 系。

　　要说 “However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing and energy shortage.” 和 “Wood， …, was diminishing in supply.” 是概括和举例之间的关系，“Great Britain had large amounts of coal， however，there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery.” 就是说的另一件事。由于转折关系是在句子内部，所以并没有把前面的事实否定掉，但重点 强调的是“缺乏有效的方法去产生推动机器的机械能”。

　　因此，答案为 C。

　　我们再来看一道例题：

　　▼

　　1. The introduction of paper spurred a conceptual revolution whose consequences have barely been explored.

　　2. Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today, it was far less expensive than parchment, and therefore more people could afford to buy books.

　　3. Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volume.

　　4. At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginning of the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across – were available.

　　5. These large sheets meant that calligraphers and artists had more space on which to work.

　　6. Paintings became more complicated, giving the artist greater opportunities to depict space or emotion. The increased availability of paper, particularly after 1250, encouraged people to develop systems of representation, such as architectural plans and drawings. This in turn allowed the easy transfer of artistic ideas and motifs over great distances from one medium to another, and in a different scale in ways that had been difficult, if not impossible, in the previous period.

　　Why does the author include the following information: “At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginning of the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across – were available.”?

　　(A) To provide evidence that the development of papermaking techniques was very slow.

　　(B) To explain why paper was never as cheap as it has become today.

　　(C) To make the point that paper allowed artists to develop paintings that were more expressive and complex.

　　(D) To prove that paper was more popular with artists who used large sheets, than it was with book printers, who used smaller sheets.

　　这个题的正确答案为 C。

　　我们通过一个思维导图来缕清该段各句之间的逻辑关系。

　　通过上面这个图可以得知，作者提到 “At first, paper was made in relatively small sheets that were pasted together, but by the beginning of the fourteenth century, very large sheets – as much as a meter across – were available.” 即第 4 句话(纸张的变化)， 是为第 5 句和第 6 句中提及的事情提供的原因(从 第5句中的meant这个隐形因果逻辑词即可以看 出)。

　　而第 5、6 句又是对第 1 句 “a conceptual revolution” 的具体体现。所以，文中提到第 4 句， 重点是想引出第 5、6 句中的结果。

　　通过以上的内容可以看到，托福修辞目的题的做法绝 不是一个公式化的套路。需要同学们结合具体的题目， 以“支持作者的观点”为导向，利用“句子间的逻辑 关系”，得出合理的答案。