很多考生会抱怨托福阅读时间不够，还没完全理解文章就做题，正确率不高。其实这是我们对托福阅读素材不熟悉造成的，下面小编整理了一下托福阅读考试最新的素材，希望能帮助大家更加快速高效的备考托福。

　　托福阅读素材：马在美国农业发展中的作用

　　内容回忆：美国人最早使用牛来耕地，一般同时需要两头牛，但后来人们发现马更加 durable，开始使用马来农作。牛使用的 yoke 不适合马，因为马的脖子比较长，对 yoke 进行改造之后可以很好的进行劳作。马的推广主要也来源于路况的变化以及的发展。在北欧的路是 soft land，但由于那里的冬季很长，为了保护马蹄，后来人们开始给马的 hoove 穿 shoes 来保护马的脚。

　　参考阅读：

　　Because domestication of the horse usually requires stallions to be isolated from other horses, either mares or geldings may become dominant in a domestic herd. Usually dominance in these cases is a matter of age and, to some extent, temperament. It is common for older animals to be dominant, though old and weak animals may lose their rank in the herd. There are also studies suggesting that a foal will "inherit" or perhaps imprint dominance behavior from its dam, and at maturity seek to obtain the same rank in a later herd that its mother held when the horse was young.

　　Studies of domesticated horses indicate that horses appear to benefit from a strong female presence in the herd. Groupings of all geldings, or herds where a gelding is dominant over the rest of the herd; for example if the mares in the herd are quite young or of low status, may be more anxious as a group and less relaxed than those where a mare is dominant.

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